Richard Wrights Native Son :: Essays Papers

Richard Wrights Native Son The book Native Son by Richard Wright is about(predicate) an African American man growing up in the south. The main(prenominal) character Bigger Thomas often finds himself in trouble end-to-end his life from the beginning to the end. The author uses his views and sights by Bigger about American society. Bigger worked for a rich man named Mr. Dalton and had accidentally murdered his girlfriend Mary. As a result of that a domino effect of fortuity began to happen. Bigger was later arrested and put on trial because of his actions I matt-up like I was watching a man sinking through quicksand and with every movement or attempt to free himself making the internet site worst. He only murder because fear of getting caught in her room, a white womans room. Mary was drunk and the Daltons would energize thought Bigger was trying rape her or something. It was very no-count that Mary had to die but Bigger was only doing what he thought at the tim e was right.When in an apartment building Bigger overheard a conversation between two men, Jack and Jim. They were arguing about if they had the calamity to capture and turn bigger in would they. I agree with Jim who give tongue to that he stirred up a lot of trouble. Because of Bigger actions, steal or no mistake, they were costing many black families their privacy, jobs and dignity. There comes a point were you have to take responsibility of your own action so others dont get hurt. I also agree with Jim in the fact that he says that all black people look disgraced to the police and that no matter how you try to stay out thither way, youll still get messed with. Biggers conk out moments of freedom was when he was running on the roofs of apartment buildings. It was very cold out that shadow and a lot of snow on top of the buildings. Before he was running, he was in the trapdoor and had heard a lot of noises, footsteps, shouting, and it was getting him nervous. He was about suicide but his pride got in the way. When he came to the last ledge their was no more roofs.

Sports and Student Athletes :: Dialogue Conversation Essays

Student Athletes My alarm woke me up, screaming constantly in my ear. It was eight oclock Satur twenty-four hours morning, and I felt like I had move asleep only a few minutes earlier. I rolling out of bed onto the itchy carpet and somehow found my wipe and shampoo in the darkness so I could drag myself to the shower. As the steaming water helped wake me up, I began to think close to the day I had in front of me. Here we go, I thought. I unwrap cast off it through this one or Ill be in thoughtful trouble. It was the 27th, and in under an hour I would be in bulky gym with hundreds of people taking the SAT. A mere two hours later, I would have to row my first 2k erg trial of the season. My new coach from Germany would be standing over my shoulder, and I knew that those seven minutes would have a huge impact on whether or not I would make the varsity boat that spring. I could not help thinking about how important this day would be for me as I saw in my mind the e -mails from Dartmouth, Harvard, and Brown asking me about my times on the erg, which would watch out how much interest they would take in me. Last minute thoughts on standardized test strategy swirled through my head as I tried to eat my quick breakfast of toast in the eat hall. Micah tried to talk to me about what we would do that night, however my mind was in a haze as I tried to focus on the task ahead. His voice was just background noise, an every once in a while I would nod me head and appear enkindle in what he had to say, but his words didnt register in my mind. before I knew it, we were in Ridgedale. The long rows of desks stretched out before me, and I felt overwhelmed by everything going on around me. I sat guttle and refocused, realizing that I was getting over-excited about nothing. I tried to calm myself down, but I couldnt help worrying about doing well on the test and proving to everyone around me that I deserved the scholarship I had received to th is school.

Tesla: Internal Combustion Engine and Electric Vehicle

Situation Analysis Tesla Motors incorpo commitd is recognized as a leader in superior innovation for its galvanizingalal powertrain engineering, writ of execution and shelling applied science. Tesla was founded in 2003 with a conceptual thought of a in affluent voltaic, lithium ion powered fomite that is eco- comradely, aesthetic appealing and a prime(a) murder competitor. Their business plan was simple and had three steps. First, develop a high-end performance sports gondola to prove that electric car simple machine vehicle (EV) were both collected and feasible and in like manner can product economic whollyy.Second, develop luxury barroom/SUV that would compete with high-end brands like Mercedes, Audi and BMW. Third, mass produce low monetary value electric vehicles to compete in general category. In 2004, the ac guild raised initial venture capital, while traffic patterning their first vehicle, the Roadster, later that year. Initi on the wholey, the company w as primarily funded my Elon Musk and opposite venture capital investors. The pooled funds fell neat of the capital needed to fund the manufacturing facility and the latest dumbfound S project. In 2009 Daimler bought preferred computer memory in Tesla for $50M and in 2010 Toyota invested $50M and Panasonic $30M in stock options.Three months after the computer simulation S unveiling the Department of Energy inform in Jan 2010 that it would loan Tesla $465 million to bring the sedan to trade as part of the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program, other major manufacturer received substantially higher loan amounts, Ford was awarded $5. 9 billion, and Nissan got $1. 6 billion . In 2010 company acquired New United Motor Manufacturing Inc (NUMMI) manufactory in Fremont, California, which was developed as joint manufacturing facility between GM and Toyota. Its a 5. 5 million squ atomic human activity 18 feet plant and contains plastics edge factory, two paint faci lities, 1. international nautical miles of assembly banknotes, and a 50-megawatt power plant . Tesla Motors party is trying to transform the emerging of electric cars by providing youthful meaning to fully electric vehicles as not just only(prenominal) eco-friendly enti commit also attractive and fun to force back. Most other companies tried and introduced all electric vehicles in late last century but none was able to mass produce it economically. Tesla Motors has sold over 2300 Roadster crosswise the world, delivered its first Model S in June 2012 and is currently building its electric sedan at a rate of 80 per week rate (Sep 2012).This vehicle completely set itself apart from its competitor with its dexterity, performance and engineering breakthroughs. The company plans is to build 5,000 by the end of 2012 and increase its toil to 20,000 cars in 2013. Being a small and startup player in electric auto industry, Tesla Motors has freedom to build the gross sales model f rom ground goose egg thats very untraditional. Forget traditional dealerships, their Teslas main sales locations argon in malls and their cars are delivered directly to customers. 2. 1 Market drumhead Why electric vehicle?Rising accelerator equipment casualtys, depleting oil reserves, suppuration pollution, increasing environment awareness, is creating the market for clean and efficient vehicles. Theres no doubt in my mind that in adjacent future this bequeath become the preferred mode of transportation across the world. shortly EV engine room is at its infancy but commitment from regimen and manufacturer will soon take it to next level by building the infrastructure for next generation vehicles. 2. 1. 1 Market demographics a)Geographics Tesla Motors is a California found company that currently operates in Northa America, Europe, and Japan.All sales are handled through its headquarters in North America, with brokerage service centers located in major metropolitan areas, much(prenominal) as Paris, London, Munich and Tokyo. Tesla has a bite number of stores, when compared to other automobile competitors. A large portion of Teslas sales are handled online, which minimializes cost, and adds to the companys overall efficiency. Shopping malls, in upscale city centers, in addition to affluent regions of the country that with entertain a high scientific considerappreciate the latest technological developments, are among a few other key points the company considers when entering a new market.With gas prices continuing to move upwardly, Teslas sale centers will well-nigh likely spreadfan to less populated regions as the demand for more than economically efficient vehicle increases. b)Demographics Targeted customers are educated affluentrich males who are early adopters in their 30s, 40s, and 50s+ who are in market for performance sports car with pricing break away $50,000 and up . c)Psychographics Environmentally conscious customers who want great p erformance car with zero tailpipe emission manufactured and assembled in U. S. d)BehaviorsModel S will go away customers the option who want alternative to traditional gasoline engine sports performance car with next generation technology. 2. 1. 2 Market Needs electric automobile Vehicle (EVs) technology presents a ready, viable and clear way to write out our emissions. also tTheir design is very simple compared to other conventional gasoline power automobiles as they dont need traditional drive shafts and gear box to transform the power from engine to wheel. EVs have electric motor directly coupled to drive wheels, which is powered by reversible bombing packs.EVs have roughly(a) key advantages over internal burn engines . Electric vehicle efficiency is 3. 75 times that of internal burning engine. Eco-friendly as no tailpipe gases output. Very smooth operation due pretermit of gear box. Quiet driving experience. 2. 1. 3 Market Trends In 2011, the supply sales of electric v ehicles reached 18,000, with the help of GMs Volt and Nissans Leaf. When comparing the 2011 U. S. amount of money sales for each electric vehicle manufacturer, with the 2012 sales forecast, the larnth potential looks quite impressive.Expectations are assumed to increase upwards to 300% year over year . According to Global & amp United States Electric Vehicles Market Forecast & Opportunities, 2017 the electric vehicle market will witness phenomenal growth in the near future . In 2011 total global revenue from this market was shut up to 54 Billion USD, showing some promise for environmentally friendly vehicles. For the most part, consumers are cautious when a unique product is introduced to the market. As more electric cars are introduced, consumer confidence will rise, assuming the quality is still maintained.Tesla has a oecumenical presence, which means economies, foreign and abroad, need be taken into consideration. The 2013 worldwide trend for auto manufacturing will be inc orporating efficiency and connectivity in current and new vehicle models. Electric vehicle design and creation came in third on the auto industries radar. The economic conditions worldwide pose some risk to the automotive industry. When looking at gross domestic product for developed market, aggregately, it has been on a declining more then increasing since 2006.With the contraction, comes a fiscal squeeze to the consumers disposable income. In tangentConsequently, inessential items, such as performance electric vehicles, are put lower on consumer demand list. This section should include some information in all the subcategories listed. Demographic trends Babyboomers have more disposable income than Gen X and Gen Y. There are separate of sources of that. Technological Include some information about overpriced technological innovations consumers have accepted such as iPads, LCD TVs, etc. piece of music galore(postnominal) people in the U.S. are suffering from the effects of the recession, others are able to buy expensive technologies for their personal enjoyment. Cultural Increase in environmental awareness. Lots of articles about that. Regulatory Tax breaks for electric cars. frugal Not everyone has been equally affected by the recession. The increase in the cost of gasoline provides an incentive to choose more fuel efficient vehicles. 2. 1. 4 Market Growth All major auto producers are preparing to launch electric and hybrid vehicle in wide-range of categories in next five years.The market for electric vehicle will be very free-enterprise(a) and guess upon economy and primarily on gasoline price. Model S fills a void in current luxury market for electric vehicle as currently theres no real competitive product out in market to compete that could match its performance, behavior and efficiency. Overall cost of ownership will definitely draw buyers from sympathetic priced gasoline models from BMW, Mercedes and Audi. Model S looks out to be a victorious product as company has sold out Model S production orders for 2012 year.Projected market growth for next 4 years. Source CSM political machine and J. P. Morgan 2. 2 Competition Tesla Model S is designed to position as high-tech luxury sedan car that deliver the sports performance without agree it efficiency while maintaining zero tailpipe emission. Model S will also challenge the traditional dealership sales model as its based upon Apple retail approach that position the company as free-lance and innovative. Tesla will compete with all other EVs, hybrid and also gasoline vehicles in automobile market.Overall in current luxury market its competitors will be Audi, BMW and Mercedes. While Tesla has no direct competitors at this time, some prestigious automakers have achieved remarkable levels of fuel efficiency. You need to look at some of the German car makes such as BMW and Audi. You should also see what electric cars are being planned for the future. 2. 3 SWOT 2. 3. 1 fortes Te sla is currently one of the only high performance electric vehicles on the market, with exception to the Fisker Karma, allowing for the company to be first in line for consumers as well as investors.Being that it is the first of its kind the company has attracted a number of young, talented engineers, a highly qualified CEO, and a number of interested third parties. With a Department of Energy loan, helping support its facility, and orders piling up, the company is not short on market orders. Tesla has already established a worldwide presence with dealerships located in many of the major cities. The product itself is fully customizable, allowing each individual consumer to have a hand in the overall process at a price that rivals other premier sports vehicles such as Porsche, Mercedes and BMW. 2. . 2 Weaknesss The company itself is young and olibanum holds some im maturity in the automobile market today. It has 24 locations in North America and an additive 14 worldwide . It plans to open an surplus 10 stores this coming year with costs estimated at $500,000- $1,000,000 depending on the market. One key disadvantage to the automobile maker is its unreliable cash flow. The current roadster model is too expensive for the average consumer, and in the current economic environment sales are essential. With additional capital flowing into store construction, future earnings could be affected downward.The low availability of electric charging stations. 2. 3. 3 Opportunities The Model S is the next generation of Tesla Motors co-ordinated. The lower price point, starting at $49,900, is untold more attractive to the average consumer. The Model S has opened additional doors for Tesla on March of 2012, Athlon Leasing signed an agreement to purchase 150 vehicles for its parentage across Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands. Once acquired, 50% of Athlons Model S inventories were instantly put on hold by their consumers .Consumers today are more a ware of their individual carbon footprint and are thus in search of a more sustainable option when it comes to vehicles. With future technology being smaller, faster and cheaper, we can expect the charge rate for the lithium-ion technology to improve, becoming more attractive to your distant commuter and or additional energy sources to be invented. As of now, there is a 300 mile cap on the new Model S. Assuming our economy continues to rely on foreign oil supply and not up our efforts in North America the price of gasoline is expected to climb above and beyond inflation. INSERT GRAPH) As the cost of owning a hybrid, and or full combustion vehicle trends upward due to the gasoline variable, youll see a shift from these vehicles to full electric due to the foregone opportunity. Tesla is also looking to develop additional models at lower price points. They have and SUV, the Model X, which isnt cheaper, but on the right track to consumer needs with expanding their inventory. Lastly, Te sla Motors incorporated not only looks to be branded by as an auto manufacturer, but also as a resource to other industry leaders.It currently supplies electric powertrains to other automakers, including Toyota for its RAV4 Electric. It is also working with SolarCity, another company Musk has invested in, to supply batteries to back up WalMarts solar panels at 90 stores . 2. 3. 4Threats Other companies will be Teslas biggest threat. With consumer demand continuing to grow for a low cost, fully electric vehicle option, its only a matter of time before major auto manufacturers such as Ford, General Motors, Nissan, and Toyota enter the market. With visible market share already present, this poses a huge threat to Teslas continued demand and thus bottom line.The comparable expected production from these major automakers will be more expensive than average gasoline fueled vehicles, but all less than the Model S. Elon Musk stated, We can show that its technologically possible to other man ufacturers. If Tesla doesnt make it I hope we have nonetheless served that purpose. I dont want to sound dour but its definitely going to be a tough six months. In addition, there are some possible downsides to using a fully electric vehicle. One, being if the Model S is left uncharged for greater than 11 weeks and the battery itself is rendered useless.Not cover under warranty, this could pose some issues for major rental arenas such as airports, who do not have the charging capacity for their entire inventory. Once the battery is discharged, it is rendered useless and would need to be replaced in order for the vehicle to be fully operational. The costs to maintenance in replacing the lithium ion battery can be upwards to $40,000 per vehicle . Two, manufacturing and labor costs, inefficient production and high prices for parts, could shy investor and consumers from the company as a whole.On that note, TSLA shares fell 9. 78%, after possible sale rumors surfaced, and ill production numbers micturate for the third quarter 2012 for Tesla Motors incorporated. With this lowered guidance, expected gross margins could be wedged negatively due to the Model S delivery limitations. A total of 2,700 to 3,250 units are expected to be produced, down from the previous expectation of 5,000. Consumers whitethorn find the inefficient use of capital a point of failing in the young company, and thus hold off on purchases until Tesla maturity is rendered.

YbAl3 Compound

Title Electrical Resistivity and Seebeck Coefficient of YbAl3 CompoundI prepargond YbAl3 specimens utilizing a hot-pressing technique and so I measured the Seebeck coefficient and galvanising electric vindication oer the temperature scope 150-700K in an private road to measure their possible as thermoelectric stuffs. My consequences show that YbAl3 possesses an electric power factor dual those of the progressive Bi2Te3 thermoelectric stuffs. So I croup reason that YbAl3 is a smart campaigner stuff for thermoelectric coevals utilizing baseborn temperature waste rut.A thermoelectric energy convertor is really alone and dependable hop up engine in which the negatron gas serves as the inventing fluid, BUT, its to a greater ex cristalt wide-scale application has been limited by its comparatively low energy revolution cleverness, so that research attempt has concentrated on bettering its customary unveiling by increasing the thermoelectric -of-merit, Z=a2/rl, of thermocoupl e stuffs, where a is the Seebeck coefficient, r the galvanising electric confrontation, l the thermal conduction a2/r is referred to as the electrical power factor.To day of the month, all the established thermoelectric stuffs ar semiconducting materials in which the thermal conduction consists chiefly of two parts, a lattice and an electronic constituent with the former being importantly the astronomicr of the two. Solid province theory has provided theoretical theoretical accounts of the lattice thermic conduction and oer the past four decennaries research attempts have cerebrate on its decrease. Unfortunately, these attempts have met with limited success due to an attach toing admixture in electrical belongingss ( Rowe and Bhandari 1983 ) . Recently, attending has focused on increasing the electrical power factor and new stuffs, some with fresh constructions such as quantum Wellss ( Mensah and Kanyah 1992, Hicks and Dresselhaus 1993 ) and multiple possible barriers ( Moy zhes and Nemchinsky 1992, Rowe and Min 1994 ) are being proposed in an effort to accomplish this aim.Traditionally, intermetallic compounds are considered inferior thermoelectric stuffs to semiconducting materials because they possess low s-of-merit. However, a member of this household of stuffs is the rare-earth intermetallic compound YbAl3, which exhibits unusual transfer of training belongingss and whitethorn offer possible for development as a high public presentation thermoelectric stuff ( Van Deel et Al. 1974, Mahan and Sofo 1996 ) . The aim of this work is to experience into the thermoelectric belongingss of this promising compound.Specific geometries are commonly necessary in the appraisal of thermoelectric belongingss and stuffs with a comparatively unfit dimension ( over 1 ten 1 ten 1 mm3 ) are normally required in the building of thermoelectric elements. Preparation of such large specimens of pure YbAl3 proved hard due to the peritectic nature of its stage diagram. A lthough good-looking dimension specimens can be prepared utilizing arc-melting technique, stuffs prepared by this method acting are constantly a mixture of YbAl2 and YbAl3 with different proportion depending on the get downing composing and readying conditions. However, pure YbAl3 pulverization can be obtained by crystal growing or solid diffusion ( Rowe et al.1997 ) in an aluminum oxide crucible with extra aluminum utilizing a asseverate flux technique ( Canfield and Fisk 1992 ) . A hot-pressing technique was employed to fix the narrow specimens about 6 millimeters in diameter and 1.5 millimeter midst. Hot-pressing at two hundred MPa was carried out in vacuity ( about 10-2 millimeter of mercury ) and at a temperature of 700 K for approximately 4 hours, followed by a heat intervention at about 900 K in an aluminum purposeless environment for 15 hours. The denseness of the specimen is estimated to be approximately 88 % of its theoretical value. The Seebeck coefficient and elect rical electric resistance as a make up of temperature over the scope 150-700 K were measured simultaneously utilizing an setup draw in ref. ( Rowe et al. 1997 ) .The consequences of the measured Seebeck coefficient and electrical electric resistance are shown in 1 and 2, severally. The corresponding values for the established thermoelectric stuffs Bi2Te3 establish metals ( Yim and Rosi 1972 ) are besides shown in the s for comparing ( broken lines ) . As expected, the electrical electric resistance is much lower than that of Bi2Te3 metal. However, although the Seebeck coefficient of YbAl3 is lower than that of Bi2Te3 based alloys, it is tumesce larger than that of the early(a) intermetallic compounds or metal metals. Consequently, a big electrical power factor is obtained over the whole temperature scope investigated as shown in 3. A maximal a2/r value of about 90 ten 10-4 W/mK2 is obtained at a temperature of around 250 K, which is about twice all bit big as that of the best t hermoelectric stuffs antecedently reported, and over the temperature scope 300-700 K, it exceeds that of Bi2Te3 based metals by at least 50 % .The temperature colony of the Seebeck coefficient for both YbAl3 and Bi2Te3 based alloys appears similar the Seebeck coefficient ab initio increases with an profit in temperature until it reaches a maximal around room temperature and so decreases with a farther addition in temperature. However, the electrical electric resistance of YbAl3 additions with an addition in temperature over the whole temperature scope, while that of Bi2Te3 exhibits a similar tendency as that of the Seebeck coefficient. Bi2Te3 based metals are narrow band-gap semiconducting materials and the temperature dependance of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical electric resistance can be explained within the model of semiconducting material conveyance theory. YbAl3 is a rare-earth intermetallic compound which exhibits unusual electrical belongingss due to the Kondo effec t a lower limit is observed in the temperature dependance of the electrical electric resistance accompanied by a significant value of the Seebeck coefficient. As a consequence, stuffs which exhibit the Kondo effect may possess a significantly big power factor. Furthermore, divergences from the Weidemann-Franz-Lorenz jurisprudence have besides been observed in Kondo materials ( Bauer 1991 ) , which may ease use of the thermic conduction in a similar manner to that in semiconducting materials ( White and Klemens 1992 ) .In drumhead, YbAl3 exhibits a well larger electrical power factor than any other presently available thermoelectric stuffs over the temperature scope 300-500 K. It offers a ordinary advantage for electrical power coevals utilizing waste hot water ( &038 lt 425 K ) , where the electrical power denseness instead than the transition efficiency is a major consideration ( Rowe and Min, 1996 ) . Furthermore, an improved apprehension of its well big electrical power fact or and possible divergence from the Weidemann-Franz-Lorenz jurisprudence may supply an penetration into increasing the thermoelectric -of-merit in other stuffs.This work is supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology training Organisation ( NEDO ) , the Energy Conversion Centre, Japan. Prof. R.J.D.Tilley, Mr. R. Jones and Dr. D. Pasero are acknowledged for X-ray compend of specimens.Bauer, E. , Adv. Phys. , 40, ( 1991 ) , p417Canfield, P.C. and Fisk, Z. , Philosophical Magazine, 65, 6, ( 1992 ) , p1117Yokels, L.D. and Dresselhaus, M.O. , Phys. Rev. B47, ( 1993 ) , 12 p727Mensah, S.Y. and Kanyah, G.K. , J. Phys Condens. Mater. 4, ( 1992 ) , p919Mahan, G.C. and Sofo, J. O. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol 93, July, ( 1996 ) , p7436Moyzhes, B.Y. and Nemchinsky, V. , Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Thermoelectrics, ( 1992 ) , Arlington, Tx. , USA, p232Rowe, D.M. and Bhardari, C.M. , Modern Thermoelectrics ( Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1983 )Rowe, D.M. and Mi n, G. , Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Thermoelectric, ( 1994 ) , Kansas City, USA, p339Rowe, D.M. and Min, G. , IEE Pro.-Sci. Meas. Technol. Vol. 143. zero(prenominal) 6. , ( 1996 ) , 351Rowe, D.M. , Min, G. , Williams, S.G.K. , Kuznestsov, V. and Aourn, A. , NEDO Technical Results Report TR3 ( 1996-1997 ) , University of Wales, Cardiff, ( 1997 )Van Daal, H.J. , Van Aken, P.B. and Buschow, K.H.J. , Phys. Lett. , 49A, 3, ( 1974 ) , p246White, D.P. and Klemens, P.G. , J. Appl. Phys. , 71 ( 9 ) , ( 1992 ) , p4258Yim, W.M. and Rosi, F.D. , substantialness Electronics, 15, ( 1972 ) , p1121

Voting Machine

(Department of electronics engineering) RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING BANDRA (WEST), MUMBAI-400050 UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-13 FOR THE FULFILLMENT OF THE PROJECT (TE) electronic WORKSHOP (EWS) LCD establish VOTING apparatus utilize 8051 AND peddling MACHINE A devise cover up Submitted by NIKITA MUDRAS TRUPTI LIMBAD SABERA YASMIN UNDER THE commission OF PROF. PRASAD DHURI PROF. SOHAIL SIDDIQUI RIZVI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, RIZVI COMPLEX, OFF CARTER ROAD BANDRA (W), MUMBAI 400050 YEAR 2012-13 UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI (DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS) CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that the following students NIKITA MUDRAS TRUPTI LIMBAD SABERA YASMIN Have successfully completed the synopsis work of project on LCD BASED VOTING MACHINE USING 8051 AND VENDING MACHINE ___________________ _________________ PROF. PRASAD S. DHURI EXTERNAL tester (PROJECT GUIDE) ___________________ _________________ PROF . SOHAIL SIDDIQUI PROF . NARGIS SHAIKH (PROJECT GUIDE) (HOD) PREFACEWe take an o p fashionunity to present the project re bearing on lcd based right to vote mold and vending machine and put before users some useful information about our project. We adjudge made backdid attempts and taken every c atomic number 18 to present this reckon in precise and compact form. We ar sure that the information contained in this volume would certainly prove useful for better insight in the scope and dimension of the subject. The task of completing the project though beingness difficult but was made quite simple,intresting and successful ascribable to late involvement and complete dedication of our group members.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is indeed of great pastime and proud privilege to be able to present the project on Lcd Based Voting Machine Using 8051 The completion of project work is a milestone in students aliveness and its execution is inevitable in the hands of sentry. we lastly indebt the project guide Mr. Prasad Dhuri for this invaluable guidance and appreciation for giving form and substance to this project. it is due to his enduring efforts, patience and enthusiasm, which has given a sense of direction and purposefulness to this project and ultimately made it a success.We would like to tender our sincere thanks to the staff members for their co- mathematical operation. We would also like to express our deep regards and gratitude to the nous Dr. Varsha Shah, our HOD Prof. Nargis Shaikh. We would also like to thank the non teaching staff and our friends who have helped us all the time in the way or the other. LIST OF subject LCD BASED VOTING MACHINE USING 8051 MICROCONTROLLER 1. Introduction 08 2. locomote diagram 09 . Components 11 4. Program for IC 15 5. Working 30 6. PCB layout 31 7. Advantages 32 8. Future Scope 33 VENDING MACHINE 1.Introduction 36 2. Flowchart 37 3. Working 38 4. VHDL code 40 5. Output Waveforms 44 6. Applications &038 uses 45 REFRENCES 47LCD BASED VOTING MACHINE USING 8051 MICROCONTROLLER pic INTRODUCTION Th is LCD based electronic voting machine is designed for four candidates. The input part incorporates of a set of cardinal tactual switches. The switches and 16&2152 LCD are interfaced to microcontroller AT89C51 for various operations and displays. The formulation of casting votes for the candidates has been tenderd through four of these switches. These switches are made active high and connected to pins 2-5 (P11 P14) of the controller. The remaining two switches (both active low) are to exit and stop the voting procedure.They are connected to pins 1 and 6 (P10 and P15) respectively. The Init (start) switch initializes the voting system when pressed, while the Stop switch ends the voting and displays the poll results on LCD try. For more details on running(a) with LCD, refer LCD interfacing with 8051. The entropy pins of the LCD (pins 7-14) are connected to the turnout port P2 of the microcontroller. The control pins (RS, R/W and EN) are connected to port P3 pins P30, P31 & 038 P36 respectively. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM pic LIST OFCOMPONENTS COMPONENT measuring 1) General PCB 1 2) 16&2152LCD Display 1 3) Micro controller base 1 4) 10uf/10v capacitor 1 5) 8T89C51 micro controller 1 6) 12MHz Crystal oscillator 1 7) 10k Preset 1 8) 2 pin Switches 6 9)7805 potential regulator 1 10) 10k Resistor 1 COMPONENTS KA 7805 (Voltage Regulator) Features ? Output Current up to 1A ? Output Voltage of 5 caloric Overload Protection ? Short Circuit Protection ? Output electronic transistor Safe Operating Area Protection Description 7805 is a voltage regulator integrated term of enlistment. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed additive voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would not give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a unceasing value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide. 7805 provides +5V regulate power supply. Capa citors of suitable values can be connected at input and output pins depending upon the respective voltage levels. Pin Connections (Front View) Pin No Function detect 1 Input voltage (5V-18V) Input 2 Ground (0V) Ground 3 Regulated output 5V (4. 8V-5. 2V) Output AT89C51 AT89C51 is an 8-bit Microcontroller and belongs to Atmels 8051 family. ATMEL 89C51 has 4KB of pompousness computer programmemable and erasable depict only memory (PEROM) and 128 bytes of RAM. It can be erased and program to a maximum of 1000 times. In 40 pin AT89C51, on that point are four ports designated as P1, P2, P3 and P0. All these ports are 8-bit bi-directional ports, i. e. , hey can be use as both input and output ports. Except P0 which require external pull-ups, rest of the ports have internal pull-ups. When 1s are written to these port pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. These ports are also bit addressable and so their bits can also be accessed individual ly. Port P0 and P2 are also used to provide low byte and high byte addresses, respectively, when connected to an external memory. Port 3 has multiplexed pins for finicky functions like serial communication, hardware interrupts, timer inputs and read/write operation from external memory. AT89C51 has an inbuilt UART for serial communication.It can be programmed to operate at different baud rates. Including two timers &038 hardware interrupts, it has a total of six interrupts. Pin Diagram- pic FEATURES OF 8951 1) 8051 have 128 bytes of RAM 2) 8051 have 128 user delineate flags 3) it represent of 16 bit address bus 4) it also consist of 3 internal and two external interrupts 5) less power physical exercise in 8051 with respect to other micro-controller 6) it consist of 16-bit program counter and data pointer 7) 8051 can process 1 million one-cycle tuitions per sustain 8) it also consist of 32 general purpose historys each of 8 bits 9) ROM on 8051 is 4 Kbytes in size 10) it also c onsist of Two 16 bit Timer/ CounterLCD LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide start of applications. A 16&2152 LCD display is very grassroots module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over s yet segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being LCDs are economical easily programmable have no limitation of displaying special &038 even custom geeks (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on. A 16&2152 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and at that place are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5&2157 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, ascendance and data. The ommand register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, unclutter its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD. Pin Diagram- pic Pin No Function Name 1 Ground (0V) Ground 2 Supply voltage 5V (4. 7V 5. V) Vcc 3 Contrast adjustment through a variable resistor VEE 4 Selects command register when low and data register when high express Select 5 Low to write to the register High to read from the register Read/write 6 Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given Enable 7 8-bit data pins DB0 8 DB1 9 DB2 10 DB3 11 DB4 12 DB5 13 DB6 14 DB7 15 Backlight VCC (5V) Led+ 16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led- PROGRAM TO MAKE A VOTING MACHINE USING LCD include define millisecond 50 define lcd_data_str_pin P2 sbit rs = P30 //Register select (RS) pin sbit rw = P31 //Read write(RW) pin sbit en = P36 //Enable(EN) pin sbit ini_pin = P10 // step forward voting pin sbit stop_pin = P15 // Stop voting pin sbit candidate_1=P11 //Candidate1 sbit candidate_2=P12 //Candidate2 sbit candidat e_3=P13 //Candidate3 sbit candidate_4=P14 //Candidate4 int max = 0 int carry = 0 int arr4 int vote_amt3,j unsigned int vote_1,vote_2,vote_3,vote_4 void delay(int delay_time) // Time delay function int j,k for(j=0j

Carib Studies Ia

citation Nobly, the researcher would like to bestow gratitude to each who has helped me in the completion of this Internal Assessment. Gratitude and appreciation to, God most of all, because with forbidden him theres is no efficacy to get laid something. He helped to guide the researcher and helped her assemble away her indolence and complete her study effectively. The youngest sister of the researcher deserves appreciation because she helped the researcher in getting references and gathering the essential for this project. Much love to you, Lisan.To all those such(prenominal) as my peers and respondents to my questionnaire, Merci. Hope to submissively return the favour one day. installation Locale Urban Parish St. Ann instill Code 06063 Gender Fe phallic inform Organization Whole Day Size Class III attendance Rate 92% Capacity 1000 Enrolment 950 Number of Teachers 41 Pupil/Teacher Ratio 241 Owned by Anglican Church Socio-Economic Context St. Hildas Diocesan tall School fo r girls was established by the Anglican Church in 1906 as a small day naturalise run by the Deaconesses.In 1917, it was named The Diocesan spirited School for Girls and moved to its yield site in 1922. It was rendern the present name in 1927. St. Hildas is located in Browns Town, St. Ann. It is a metier sized boarding instruct with approximately 950 students, and it has a capacity of 1000. With 41 teachers, the student teacher ratio is 241. The prepares second-rate daily attendance is 92 per cent. Students ar from mixed socio economic backgrounds draw from all over the island and include a few who are non Jamaicans. Many parents are unemployed but some are professionals. somewhat work in the hotel industry, some are farmers.The school motto reticuloendothelial establishment Severa Verum Gaudium (Hard work brings true joy) is a source of inspiration for staff and students alike and summarizes the schools general attitude towards its endeavours and accomplishments. St. Hildas High school gets valuable support from business and community organizations in the forms of donations and scholarships. Its high donnish standard is complemented by a rich cultural heritage which is showcased in its annual Eisteddfod. In 2010, the school was placed fourth in the solely Together Sing choir competition and came prototypal in track Marleys Song Arrangement Competition.For the latter, the school original a echo of the icons guitar. Intervention programmes like Young women of Change give support to students with emotional and social needs. Statement of problem What is the extent of racialism at St. Hildas Diocesan High, Browns Town? Aims and objectives racialism is vastly evident at this institution. The completion of this IA volition therefore find oneself The extent of racial distinction at the institution The influence of racialism at the institution The consequences of racial discrimination at the institution Literature review racialism is the ideo logies of social shapees which discriminate against people based solely on the tush of their belonging to different heathenity. It should be noted that some sociologists such as Parsons, rally that people are primarily socialized to be racist. The influencing factors of racial discrimination are parents, siblings, peers, schools, governmental officials, religion, mass media and many others (Solomos, 1993, Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). Racial disadvantages are a result of the differences in cultural characteristics that do not coincide with the norms and set of the upper class (Smith, N. D adopted from Mustapha, 2009). for integration in the creolization process to take place multi- culturalism and plurality of cultures must be first authentic in order to sink racial stigmatization (Braithwaite, adopted from Mustapha, 2009). Similarly, functionalists necessitate for a cultural consensus for a consequential balanced and functional gild (Kirby,1997 adopted from Haralambas a nd Holborn, 2004). Marx, however, views racism as a belief system apply to legitimize the exploitation of the lower class citizens by the upper class. few sociologists even believe that if capitalism had not developed then racial prejudice, in question, would not exist (Kirby et. l 1997 Cox, 1970, Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). Interactionists believes that racial conflict was a result of the deficiency in communication about the variation in the self-conceptualization. In alliance, race and ethnicity are viewed as variable because they are often being discussed (Lal, 1998 Kirby, 1997, Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). racism was utilize to validate slavery during colonialism (Roleff, 1991). In the nineteenth century, indentured workers were bought to Trinidad to supplant the Africans on the plantations and there was an immediate awareness of the ethnic differences.Hence, social stratification in the plantation guild was based on the differences in the race in society. Therefor e, race is one of the fundamental factors nooky class division in society. (Brereton, 1979 adopted from Reddock and Barrow, 2001). The term race was first utilise in the 15th century but only grew in importance with the relation to the development of liberalism bought a sense of identity to people, which was destine to bring further improvement of society, along with equality (Golberg, Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). Whites in society being superior go ond racism and racist beliefs in society and the racism led to the limitations in the social life chances of proletariats (Golberg, Haralambos and Holborn) Segregation and discrimination in society are also the results of racism (Haralambos and Holborn, 20004). Policies can be formulated to enclose equal opportunities and cultural integration such as the Race and Relations Acts (Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). The Creolization Thesis proposes the governments can promote cultural acculturation and integration in order to exhaust s yncretism.A variety of the cultural traits intermix together to form a new culture that is satisfactory for all members of society (Braithwaite, 1971, Mustapha, 2009). Research Design The term research figure whitethorn be defined as the scientific data collected. It is from research that theories are derived. Quantitative data was the selected research data since it is general, objective and value free. The statistics of the data gathered can be easily quantified and is apply to support the findings of research. Questionnaires were used because they are used for obtaining particular instruments for data collection.The data gathered from the questionnaires would be easily quantified and displayed in various figures and diagrams. The study is based on the point in age of the existence of racism at St. Hildas Diocesan High. To effectively complete this project, the study was done during the period of November 20th to November 30, 2012. In order to run into data randomly, the s ample population was selected by process. Two out of the lambert questionnaires presented were separately distributed to students from each grade level and class with permission from the school brain and form teachers. SampleA sample may be defined as a portion of a large population and it is often used to represent the large population. For this study, random sampling was used. So two out of fifty questionnaires were to distributed 2 students from each class from each grade level, who willingly participated in the study. This would be go steadyed systematic random sampling. It is considered as such because the able units were chosen in a logical order. The method of sampling is working because it is time effective when selecting the same from a large population. Data charm InstrumentQuestionnaires were used to collect data. The use of questionnaires was both cost effective and time effective. The use of questionnaires assured the maintenance of increased objectivity and the a ccuracy in the study. The data gathered from the questionnaires can be easily quantified. Questionnaire Gender male female How old are you? To what ethnicity do you belong? African Chinese American Mixed Do you know what racism is? If yes, condone. Do you envisage racism exists at St. Hildas Diocesan High? please explain the reason for your answer. How prevalent is racism at St.Hildas Diocesan High? Great extent not a great extent non-existent Does racism at school affect you? If yes, in what way. Would you consider yourself racist? Would you consider any of your friends as racists? Explain answers for both number 7 and 8. feed you ever been involved in any racist activity? Please account for your answer. Have you ever been a victim of racism? If so, how Persons beset you about your ethnicity and religion persons ignore your existence and humanity persons demean your bloodline and heritage other. Please specify. Does anyone at your school instigate racism?If so, who schoolman staff peers principal ancillary staff Do you think racism has a negative impact on students? If yes, in what way causing students to fail academically because of low self-esteem and confidence emotionally scarring students, oddly the younger ones, for life If other, specify. What are some of the methods that could be used to transcend or reduce racism at St. Hildas? How do you think the school on a whole can benefit from the reducing or elimination of racism? Presentation of Findings Figure 1 Students stirred and not abnormal by racism Figure 2 Been vs. seaportt been victims of racism.Figure 3 ways students were victims of racism Figure 4 racism is instigated/ not instigated Figure 5 Does racism has or doesnt have a negative impact on students? Analysis and Discussion of Findings As check overn in figure 1, 10% isnt affected by racism while 90% is. This shows that generally, a large percentage of students are affected by racism at St. Hildas Diocesan High. The concept shtup t his question was to ascertain whether multi- culturalism and plurality of cultures are accepted, in order to reduce racial stigmatization as Braithwaite claimed it must in order for integration and prober flow of communication.Without proper communication students learning and interpretation of certain matters will be affected. Figure 2 shows the percentage of students who have been victims of racism at St. Hildas Diocesan High. The diagram is based on information received from the related question from the questionnaire. The diagram shows that 80% have been and 20% oasist. figure 3, displays the percentage and different ways in which students are victimize by racism. Its displays that 10% persons demean their ancestry and heritage, 40%, persons provoke them about their ethnicity and religion and 50%, persons ignore their existence and humanity.Figure 4, 5% tell no racism isnt instigated, while a mighty 95% said it is. When asked how and by who, a large number of students stated that it is instigated by the principal in the way she treats certain students because of either their grades or their light work skin. One student notably wrote that she thought about becoming a racist so many times because of the way the principal do by her different from all other students. She notably stated that she is of Chinese ethnicity and is academically well of as she is a prefect at the school. She states that ometimes she thinks she is better than other students academically and when it comes to beauty because of how Mrs Johnson, her principal idolizes her. Also certain things that Mrs Johnson would say instilled some pleasant of racial feelings inside her. This indeed proves that racism is instigated and goes back to Racism was used to validate slavery during colonialism (Roleff, 1991). In the 19th century, indentured workers were bought to Trinidad to supplant the Africans on the plantations and there was an immediate awareness of the ethnic differences.Hence, socia l stratification in the plantation society was based on the differences in the race in society. Therefore, race is one of the fundamental factors behind class division in society. (Brereton, 1979 adopted from Reddock and Barrow, 2001). This could cause class division yes because this student might think so highly of herself that she will be-little others as it were in slavery days. Also, racism was instigated by planters to cause division and immediate distinction between possessor and slaves.Maybe this is the similar to what Mrs Johnson is doing, separating brighter and prettier students from the rest so the slight intelligent or slight beautiful one will feel inferior as the slaves did to the whites. solely this adds to what is seen in Figure 5. There are 8o% of students who are affected negatively by racism and 20% which arent. this incorporates Brertons prospective on racial and ethnic discrimination, racism between slaves from other ethnic groups based on stratification. A lso with regards to Figure 3, Marx perspective that racism is a belief system used to legitimize the exploitation of the lower class can be applied.Students who say they are affected by racism are those who are may belong to different social classes in social hierarchy or may belong to different ethnic groups than those who are not affected. Certain students who are affected may also be considered less academically accomplished to those who are not. Racism has negative effects on students as shown in Figure 5. This according to Lal, is that interactionists believe that racial conflicts were a result of the deficiency in communication about the variation in self- conceptualization. endpointIn conclusion, racism impacts negatively on the lives of the young ladies of St. Hildas Diocesan High. Racism negatively affects school interaction, and behaviour of these young ladies. However, as Braithwaite indicates, through locution of policies, the Government can promote cultural assimilat ion and integration in order to have syncretism. A variety of cultural traits blended together to form a new culture that is satisfactory for all students of the St. Hildas Diocesan High School. Bibliography Barrow C and Reddock R, (Eds. ), 2001Caribbean Sociology Introductory Recordings. Kingston Ian Randle Publishers Ltd. Haralambos, M and Holborn, M (Eds. ) 2004 Sociology Themes and Perspectives. London Harper Collins Publishers Ltd. Mustapha, N (Eds) 2009. Sociology for Caribbean Students. Kingston Ian Randle Publishers Ltd. Kerwin, C and Jackson, I, 1996. Sociology for Caribbean Students, Volume 1. Kingston Ian Randle Publishers Ltd. Table of Contents Topic Page Acknowledgement Introduction Statement of problem Literature review Research design Sample Data collection instrument Presentation of findingsAnalysis and discussion of findings Recommendations Limitations Conclusion Bibliography bRecommendations The researcher would recommend The government implement some non- racist achievement within all schools The government go about implementing ways to encourage students in schools and fire any employee at the school who encourages racism The schools chairman visit the school more often and see just what is going on there, ask the students their opinions on the matter discussed and go about making changes Students appeal to authorities who might help them on the matterLimitations Within the completion of this project the researcher didnt have any limitations. All resources were at hand especially at home. The researcher should proudly say that she put these resources to good use. This project was well organized and put together because of this. He researcher hopes all readers and the examiner feels the same.

Perhaps Othello Essay

Perhaps Othello fanny non be regarded as the greatest of William Shakespe ars tragedies, only more than reviewers and viewers turn out found it incredibly exciting, logical, and intimately immoderate of completely of Shakespe ars be hold ups. When performed, Othello is implacable in its drive toward catastrophe, drawing spectators into the greatly shocking play of a unite man quickly pushed to murder his immaculate wife. Moreover, the Afro-Ameri whoremonger warrior Othello the only low char former in Shakespeare becomes a keep up of a white char.Thus, the tragedy also touches on grand issues that have become pressing in present period racial detriment and attraction to the Other (Othello dissect Guide). Othello also allows readers to tump over such important human issues as the nature of knowledgeable jealousy and the difficulty of pure t oneness certain somewhat everything or anyone in this world. This paper is designed, first, to draw solicitude to these rel evant issues in the play.Second, it will attempt to analyze these issues by exploring their many contexts so that it is possible to present various ways of understanding Othello from notional perspectives. Othello Shakespeares chief source for Othello was a narrative found in Giraldi Cinthio Hecatommithi, a collection of interesting boloneys where the major topic is marriage (Othello Study Guide). If one compares Italian story with Shakespeares, he or she can stick out English playw right fields incredible skills in transforming an ordinary story into logical and effective drama.Shakespeare modifies some parts of the story to emphasize prominent plot and make character presentation a good deal sharper. Further, he makes remarkable changes in the text, inserting and removing some parts, to dignify his protagonist and turn a histrionic story into excellent tragedy. Othello is not created on such a commodious scale as Shakespeares other famous tragedies. The play has uncomplet e the superhuman and magical dimensions of Hamlet and Macbeth, where the readers meet Ghost and Witches, nor fairy Lears unceasing feeling of doubt and uncertainty regarding Nature and the gods.Nevertheless, Othello is the only one of the four tragedies to present the reader with two separate countries as locations genteel world of Renaissance Venice and the island of Cyprus. A. C. Bradley (1962) describes Othello as the most masterly of Shakespeares tragedies in its construction (144). Bradley stresses the fact that Shakespeare uses virtually no delaying tactics to slow tear the action in the play, as, for example, in Hamlet where the hero delays his revenge, and no subplot to generate complicating consequences, as the reader finds in King Lear.Acts from 2 to 5, taking graze in Cyprus, form a persistent sequence without significant interruptions. Further, however, thither are some variations in pace the slower tempo of the willow scene in acts 4 and 3, where Desdemona and ge nus Emilia take stock of the situation. In this regard, Ned B. Allen (1968) arrives at a conclusion that the instances of long time, for the most part in acts 3 and 4, are the result of Shakespeares sticking to Giraldi Cinthios slow-paced tale more densely there than the playwright does in acts 1 and 2 (13-29).Arguing that double time is a skilful device to increase the credibility of the action, Ridley expresses admiration for Shakespeares astonishing skill in placing skinny unneurotic allusions to long time with a unafraid impression of a thirty-three-hour time span on Cyprus (lxx). It is, Ridley believes, a literary technique of lulling the reader into thinking that more time has passed than the action declares. In this manner, the reader does not question why, logically, Othello would be killing his wife for her supposed unfaithfulness the very night after he has brought to completion their marriage.Interestingly, among Shakespeares tragedies, Othello may be regarded as the least connected with social or political developments and transformations. The play does not appear to have been written on the topic of a specific historical event or social movement in the beginning of 1600s. Othello is a domestic tragedy. Thus, it exposes cater plays inside relations surrounded by representatives of olden society in particular, in father-daughter and husband-wife relationships.But not care King Lear, that constantly expresses uncertainty about received authority as the kings status is depreciated, Othello does not deal with the wider political branches of this social power. Nor does Othello take into servant teddys in state power that the reader can observe in Shakespeares history plays and Coriolanus. Although Othello is of aristocratic birth, he is not the real or possible leader of his realm ( small-arm Lear, Macbeth, and Hamlet are all kings), upon whose finishs and thoughts depend the whole state and its people.At the akin time, however, Othello i s touch with important cultural and social issues. Precisely, Othellos fill annotate has been much considered with references to racist issues (Shakespearean noviceism). What is important is that Othello is a black warrior, in all likeliness from North Africa, and now d well uping in a white European society. The issue of racial difference is deeply embedded in the tragedy and is very well obvious in performance. How would the character have been considered by the Jacobean public, and how is he understood this day?Does Othello make effort to integrate or refuse to accept racist stereotypes of that time? How much does Desdemona, a white upper-class representative, breaks the moral rules of her society by making decision to marry a black warrior, and finally does Othello give compliment to or reject her dedicate and bold resistance to authority and power? winning into consideration these questions, one can analyze ways in which Othello contri barelyes to the intelligence on two groups black African men and white women that were very much made seem unimportant in the beginning of seventeenth century. nonetheless though it cannot be equated with present day racial discrimination issues, color diagonal appears to have developed in England under Queen Elizabeth and King James. Black was associated with evil, Africans dark skins was considered to belong to the devil. Taking into account the racial prejudices of the time, it is unmatched that Shakespeare decides to make his tragic hero an Afro-American and his villain the white Iago.Critic John Salway, for example, considers that Shakespeare introduces the frequent preconceptions regarding Africans by means of the racist discourse of Iago and Brabantio Iago glibly utters slander about Othello as lusty Moor and devil, while Brabantio, who lovd Othello as a warrior, ascribes responsibility to him for winning his daughters adore through damned witchcraft (30). John Salway considers that the playwright does so only to explode these prejudices in the course of the play. In this respect, Othellos skid is a natural human weakness rather than a fault coming from his race.John Salway also acknowledges the long-established medieval tradition, literary and decorative, that connected the black man with lower rank in society and damnation. The author argues, at the same time, that a countercurrent of religious discourse and art, for example, the special enormousness given to inner holiness over outward appearance and the interpretation of Balthazar, one of the Magi bearing gifts for the infant Christ, as a black man, provided Shakespeare with an opportunity to develop Othello as a great Christian gentleman (45).Salway finds no prove in the tragedy that the character is really savage, since he gains his grandeur again after his tragic loss of faith in Desdemona (55-56). Martin Orkin (1987), a South African scholar keenly aware of how Shakespeares Othello gives role for racist response s, is in basic agreement with Salways statements. He believes that Shakespeare whole shebang consciously against the color prejudice that can be seen in the quarrel of Iago, Roderigo, and Brabantio and denies such prejudices giving emphasis to the limitations of human judgment in general as the real cause of Othellos tragedy (170-181).All this is right from the one side Shakespeare creates his characterization of valiant Othello far beyond that of the handed-down stereotype. On the other side, however, there are situations in the play when Othellos actions do generate the sinful barbarian human body. This is specifically the case in act 4, where the character loses his mind in a frantic manic disorder of jealousy (savage madness is how Iago gives account of it), promises to chop Desdemona into messes after overhearing the confabulation that takes place between Iago and Cassio.Moreover, Othello behaves immorally by making a somatic attack on Desdemona in public. Does Shakespea re try to demonstrate color prejudice by making Othello returning again and again to the traditional image of black savage? One resistance against attack on Othellos port in the play is to claim that it is a victory of Iagos hard-hearted intrigue with him, combined with the Moors dramatic readiness to consider as true the negative, oversimplified stereotype of himself. It seems that Othellos humiliating performance is vertical about destined to cause the audience to become unfriendly, both Jacobean and present.By the concluding part of the play, Othello is divided between the individual characteristics he has seek to maintain as an honorary white in Venice where the Senate has allowed him military go and even more, in contrast to Brabantio, forgave his relationship with a white woman and his strong inner star of himself as an African Other. In being fatally overwhelmed by jealousy and murdering his wife, Othello eventually describes himself as more related by blood to the ig noble Judean and the leering Muslim Turk than to the civilized and noble Christian.Some readers and viewers may feel that Othello compensates his rank as an inspiring tragic hero in the culmination, while others may reject in opinion. And while it is right to claim that Othello does not give approval to the deeply felt prejudices of an Iago, how does the audience feel about Emilias racist comments in the final part of the play? Emilia becomes the centralize of tragic attention when she reveals Othellos dreadful mistake and dismantles any just grounds for his believing that Desdemona committed sexual intercourse with other man. thoughtless with her frank truth-telling, the spectators are encouraged to become accomplices of her views even though they are full of racial intense dislike. Emilia refers to Othello as the blacker devil describing his expression as ignorant as dirt and feels sorry that Desdemona was too tender of her most filthy bargain. These examples demonstrate the difficulty of reaching an exact decision where the play stands regarding Othellos blackamoor and racial prejudice.Because of the fact that the proportionateness of dramatic sympathies shifts from episode to episode, readers are likely to agree with Emilias angry release of prejudice while rejecting Iagos coldly malicious racial discrimination, in spite of the close relationship he has established with the reader. In this regard, one can compare Othello with Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice. Just as The Merchant of Venice may at the same time destroy anti-semitic prejudice (in Shylocks probing speech Hath not a Jew eyes? and support it (with Shylocks absurdly incongruous sort and wish that his daughter were hearsd at my foot, and the ducats in her coffin ), it can be stated that Othello stimulates discourse regarding the racist stereotypes of the sixteenth-century life even though it supports them to some extent. It should be observed, however, that to be totally free of racis m and any discrimination, the playwright would have to invent a new nomenclature with no words containing a hidden implication, no unfair treatment of a color character, and no connection in the play between blackness and evil, whiteness and good.Expressing the same idea but differently, Othello cannot go beyond the spoken communication and traditions of its culture. According to Juliet Dusinberre (1976), if black-skinned men were considered as the Other in the sixteenth-century Europe, then women could be also called as a painful Other in patriarchal communities. The Reformation in England is at times thought as a period when attitudes and views toward female roles, at least inside marriage relations, were proper more liberal and humanistic (Dusinberre 3-5).Puritans encouraged an equal marriage partnership, in contrast to the accepted without question subordination of wife to her husband, and valued unite chastity above celibacy. However, it can be supposed that this elevation of the married relationships might have served as a method to contain womens uncontrollable desire rather than to encourage a real self-dependence for them. It is lightsome to see that Desdemona is committed to the ideal of married chastity, but she is also a woman who tries to rebel.Obviously, her courageous rejection of her fathers wishes (and, globally, those of the Venetian upper class) so that it is possible to marry a black warrior and her honest desire to happen the rites for which she married Othello create behavior not conforming to accepted rules and standards in Venetia. The woman has stepped beyond the permitted boundaries of her race Against all rules of nature, as Brabantio describes this and the modesty that most people expect of female gender. Shakespeare, in spite of her faults, presents the rebellious and willful Desdemona as a character deserving admiration.Her powerful and effective language in explaining why she chose Othello despite her fathers unwillingne ss, her brave strong passion for the Moor, and her spirited and powerful (even though unreasonable) defense of Cassio are all probable to win the sympathies and admiration of the readers. Desdemonas boldness, as well as Othellos initial approval and praise of it (he describes her as his fair warrior when he comes to Cyprus), all say about a marriage with mutual love and respect for each other.When living in Cyprus, however, Desdemona becomes more isolated and open to temptation and persuasion. Once Othello incorporates Iagos views, interpreting the meaning of Desdemonas behavior as unfaithful and indiscriminate actions, the woman has no means of argue her husbands violent desire to control her life. It would seem, taking into consideration these issues, that there are contradictory messages present throughout the play about what behavior is right for women.The uncontrollable female who calls into question her place in the male-dominated community is given some capacity for independ ent action but ironically is then punished, primarily because Othello misinterprets her actions, but also, the drama may suggest, because of her desires press release beyond acceptable boundaries of taste and convention of the time. Like with the issue of racism regarding Othellos personality, Emilias role emphasizes the contradictory treatment of women in the tragedy.Her passionate defense of wives in act 4 produces the double sexual standard by which relationships between men and women are determined And have not we affections? Desires for sport? and frailty? as men have? thence let them use us well else let them know, The ills we do, their ills instruct us so. Since Emilia expresses a convinced belief that women are mens equals in desire and have the full right to live and act like their husbands, her declaration is potentially ungrounded in its denial of gender qualities that buy the farm only to the advantage of men.At the same time, however, the meaning of the speech, as wel l as what the reader knows of Emilia so far, tends to decrease the power of the statement. Emilia has the similar gender of Desdemona but not social position. As a result, Shakespeares readers might make little of the sense of her statements, justifying them as suit for serving women but not actual for upper-class women. Interestingly, Emilia has surrendered to her husbands fantasy herself. She subordinated herself to his fanciful idea and thus affirmed the oppositeness of her philosophy of independence by presenting him the gift. ConclusionRegarded by many scholars as one of Shakespeare greatest tragedies, together with Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear, Othello has a traditional tragic plot, tracing the heros fall from splendor and combining together human qualities of nobility with actins and decisions that lead to unavoidable suffering and loss. Othello is, at the same time, one of Shakespeares most emotionally touching works. The driving power with which the extremely effective but destructive series of events develops creates an exciting sense of chaotic violent and confused movement that captivates both readers and viewers closely as much as it drives the characters.Shakespeares character development and his internalisation of difficult issues in the play produced an incredibly complex play that considers a number of important moral and social questions. Works Cited Allen, Ned B. The Two separate of Othello, ShS, 2, 1968, in Honigmann, E. A. J. Othello. Cengage Learning EMEA, 2001. Bradley, A. C. Shakespearean Tragedy. London Macmillan, 1962. Dusinberre, J. Shakespeare and the Nature of Women. London and Basingstoke Macmillan, 1976. Orkin, M. Othello and the barren Face of Racism, SQ, 38. 2, 1987.Othello Study Guide. obtainable from http//www. shakespearefest. org/Othello%20Study%20Guide. htm Othello. Shakespearean Criticism. Available from http//www. enotes. com/shakespearean-criticism/othello-vol-68 Salway, J. Veritable Negroes and Circumcised Dog s racial Disturbances in Shakespeare, in Lesley Aers and Nigel Wheale (eds. ), Shakespeare in the Changing Curriculum (London and New York Routledge, 1991). Shakespeare, W. Othello, the Moore of Venice. Shakespeare Homepage. Available from http//shakespeare. mit. edu/othello/full. html

Englisg Language Yesterday, Today and Tomarrow

GO ANYWHERE. This expression reminds us how immenseness of side of meat for human life is. As global or universal row, slope is not only enables us to communicate agiotage If You Given An Opportunity To Run a 3 Days Training On Excellent Public Speaking. How Would You Implement terra firma and one of the most important dustup in the World is position. Currently, face language is at number three on the most address language in the World. Even bounty Important Of English vocabulary learning to communicate in English is important to enter and in the long run succeed in mainstream America.Working knowledge of the English language can seduce many superior richness Of English Language 512 words (approx. 2 pages at 300 words per page). pic More Information View The English Language Study Pack 96 Alternative Definitions Search Results bounty magnificence Of English Language ? Many of us wonder about the impressiveness of knowing English in todays world. But such p intox icatelems are faced by people who cannot speak the language fluently. The need reward Importance Of English Language greatest possible flexibility, and better-off members must grow extra efforts to lower import barriers on least developed countries exports.Developing countries Premium Importance Of English Language To The Students American football, known in the get together States simply as football and sometimes as gridiron exterior the United States and Canada,12 is a sport played between two Premium Importance Of English Language SPELLING RULES 1. For a exclusive syllable word, oddment in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel double the consonant swim swimmer swimming rob Premium Cultural Effects On English Language apposition As Foreign Language and lexical collocation.For people who regard the English language as a foreign language or warrant language, its so difficult to express it as perfect. This mini Premium Importance Of English least will be understandabl e. There are various reasons for the importance of English language. They are listed below. 1. Travel When a person travels to another(prenominal) Premium Oral Communication In English Language as their medium of study and not their local language. This will again shows the importance of English language. English language will certainly improve Malaysians Premium Importance Of English Education orld of globalization. English language is a prevalent language and is spoken in many countries. No one denies the importance of English language in the present time Premium canvas The English Language Needs Previous research in the topic of engineering showed that English language is of paramount importance in the schoolman and professional lives of engineering students Premium Importance Of English of media, trade and science. In Pakistan, the importance of English language is growing and now English language is compulsory in mostly all schools and colleges PremiumImportance Of English and luxurious because without the front end of English dialect things is impossible to happen. So we should consider the importance of English language in daily life Premium Importance Of English leaders of various countries is mostly in English. This linking factor also tells of the importance of English language. 5. Internet In spite of the growth of Premium Importance Of English In India IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE subject area LIFE OF INDIA TODAY From 26 January 1965 Hindi has been declared the official language of India. But along with it Premium

Capturing the Value of Supplementary Services

A brief note on Supplementary suffice verses standard receipts The service as a product is basic aloney described as a package or bundle of unalike serve, tangibles and intangibles, which all together form the total product. The package is divided into deuce main categories the first one is the main service, which is called the core service or all-important(a) service. The other one is auxiliary serve or extras, which be a good deal referred to as peripherals or peripheral operate. These are also known as subsidiary work. The core service is the basic appraise reserved by the service product.It is the close to get or consume services. This is the reason for which any company is in business too. Supplementary services are those that facilitate and enhance mathematical function of the core services. These are services other than core that companies offer to their customers to ease off additional pry to their products or to encourage customer loyalty. Flexible work O ffering It has been observed through research that most suppliers typically provide customers with more services than they want or need at prices that often reflect neither the value of those services to customers nor the cost of providing them.Too many multiplication the manufactures continue to let sales people give away some(prenominal) services they think it will take to land a deal, however if those freebies dramatically take the profitability of business. To overcome the cost associated with the above issues, the creator has suggested the flexible service offering model to enable manufacturing and service companies reduce the number and cost of services they use to augment their core products.This access code enables the company to identify a naked solution or a naked system (which is the bare-bones-minimum number of services uniformly valued by all customers in a given segment at the concluding possible price that yield a profit). These naked solutions are indeed wra pped with options particular services valued by individual customers deep down the segment. The steps to achieve flexible service offering are, ? Understand the auxiliary services portfolio.If the company compiles the complete inventory of accessory service, then it net assess the value of each service and the cost of providing it. ? Assess the value of the service rather than just measuring the customer felicity. Results indicate that opus customers determine their re-purchase intention based on both core and accessory service calibre, mediated by value and bliss there is a direct and positive relationship of involvement between customer satisfaction and value of supplementary service provided. Extend the activity-based-costing technique to supplementary services as well. If the manufacture fire break down costs on segment-to-segment and customer-to-customer basis, then it is viable to determine the value/price of the service macrocosm offered. This military services industries to target those market segments where their products or services provided the greatest value to customers and and then held the greatest potential for profit. Identify the existing standard services that eject be done away with or specialized services that jakes be part of standardized services.Identify the existing ex gratia services that disregard be discontinued. The benchmark here is simple if the cost of the nonmandatory service exceeds the customers willingness to pay for it, the service should be discontinued. ? Apart from identifying the standard or optional services, to stay ahead in competition a manufacture has to continually innovate and produce new value added services. *For ex antiophthalmic factorle in a survey taken by Hong Kong mobile think industry to work out the benefits of the supplementary services among the customers, it was reveled that the only one of the supplementary services (both optional and standard like pricing policy, staff assista nce, customer service and contagion quality and network coverage) factor in the satisfaction determinants among the mobile phone users.The results suggest that network providers should focus more on transmission quality and network coverage as the core attributes of their service offerings and formulate capture ricing policy, rather than competing or focusing more on supplementary services like varied customer services. Benefits When the supplementary services are offered with all the above attributes discussed in the flexible services offering section, there are lot many benefits the service providers gain and it also establishes the fact that passementerie the supplementary services to what is required and beneficial to the manufacturer has benefits that far outmatch the benefits of keeping all the supplementary services just so as to satisfy the customer and keep the market share.Flexible service offering provides suppliers with a powerful means of retaining and expanding busin ess with their most valuable customers. ? Helps customize the packages of products and services to meet more precisely the requirements of its spectrum of customers. ? Enables managers to be more adaptive and reactive in their pricing. ? Flexible service offering helps companies to rev ampere their sales business leader philosophies and practices. More control is given in the hands of the sales police squad there by enabling sales team to be more persuasive in explaining the value of services to the customers. Case Study reference book Card Marketing in Indian Industry The case discipline below deals with managing perceived venture for doctrine card purchase through supplementary services. Supplementary services can play a authoritative role in controlling functional and psychological perceived adventure associated with credit card services. Marketers of credit separate can enhance the value of services to customers and can thus enhance purchase possibilities by reducing perceived risk through supplementary services that are controllable.Perceived risk is defined as the uncertainty that consumers face when they cannot foresee the consequences of their purchase decisions. The supplementary services recognized in this case were, ? ATM access, capital advance, and hard cash withdrawal and other facilities to meet financial requirements effectively. ? ATM access, cash advance, and cash withdrawal facilities with credit card. ? Through add-on card other family members can also use the credit card. ? Buying airline/railway tickets by using credit card at special counters save time. additional facilities with credit card increase its usage value. In a theatre of operations done by the author (Dr. Anita Goyal), it was revealed that 79. 26% agree with the idea that supplementary services provide operational value. It was also inferred that there were significant differences in the frequency of perceptions towards the statements indicating the functional utility of supplementary services available with credit cards. 70. 64% agree that supplementary services with credit cards help them to take care of psychological risk.There is a favorable perception of supplementary services in controlling the psychological risk. Respondents feel mental satisfaction to have supplementary services with credit cards. Thus, consumers while deciding for a credit card purchase consider facilitating services and supplementary services as significant in providing help to consumers for pre-purchase evaluation of credit cards and to make credit card purchase decisions in the Indian environment.References 1. * node Satisfaction in the Hong Kong Mobile Phone Industry. Service Industries Journal Jul99, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p162-174, 13p, 3 charts http//search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=bth&AN=2514451&site=ehost-live 2. Managing perceived risk for credit card purchase through supplementary services. Journal of Financial Services Market ing Mar2008, Vol. 12 Issue 4, p331-345, 15p, 6 charts. http//search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=bth&AN=31227169&site=ehost-live

Keats’ grandfather Essay

I same(p)(p)d Death of a naturalist, although it wasnt pretty and it wasnt nice. Sometimes it wasnt even equivalent a rime, more like a report that I cigargontte relate to, for I used to gather frogspawn and absorb the small tadpoles suck up into frogs. I like the fact that it is a modern poesy, that Heaney lived in N. Ireland and that this is likely a personal memory. It makes it come toing for me I of decennary wonder where that flax-dam is, or if it is still around, or if it looks as I imagine.I like the expression there are no specific rules followed by this poet, that Heaney doesnt offer them to rule his poem, and that we get that precious bit of child information. That is what makes the poem antithetic, rummy and special. Then the change in atmosphere alters the poem, makes it frightening, and I can trick at the child here because that never happened to me. Comparison of Keats and Heaneys different attitudes and techniques Keats lived in 19th centu ry England and Heaney lived in 20th century N. Ireland, so their outlooks on life are bound to be different, reflecting on their song.Keats lived at a time when poets were born, not made, and those who were poets tended to be upper association gentlemen who did not need to earn an income. So the odds were stacked against him from the start. He was born in 1795 and came from a lower class family and when he was ten the first of many tragedies struck him, changing his personality forever. His father was propel from his horse, killing him, then Keats mother remarried, and al roughly immediately after Keats granddaddy died. part Keats and his siblings moved in with their grandmother his mother disappeared, and then reappeared a few years later, ill with tebibyte. Keats nursed her until she died and after that his attitude to the human changed. He then trained to be an apothecary and passed the exam in 1816 It was at this time that Keats started to write poetry. Although Keats was considered a Romantic poet Romanticism at that time was a rebellion, the lead figures cosmos Coleridge and Wordsworth, who were under heavy criticism.In 1818 the tuberculosis that would kill Keats delegateed itself, probably contracted from his brother Tom who Keats had nursed. While under the strain of his illness he met Fanny Brawne, with whom he sink in love with, and in September 1819 Keats wrote many odes including Ode to Autumn, condescension his sickness. He died in 1821 when he was just 26. Keats had a short, intense life, and his poetry reflected that. He was passionate, and never did anything by halves he put all his fret into it. In Ode to Autumn Keats writes fervently well-nigh his autumn as he bring downs it. withal Heaney was born almost 145 years after Keats in 1939. He lived at the family removedm in Mossbawn. In 1961 he took a first in English at Queens College, and two yr. later took up a position as an English subscriber there. His poetry bega n under the guidance of Philip Hobsbaum, an English poet whose work involved his interest in natural imagery, with occasional violence filtered through and through. Heaney used these ideas in his work, and was too influenced by Ted Hughes, a personal friend and fellow poet.Heaneys poem is about genius turning nasty, and at time Heaney had already lived through World War II, so the world seemed like a gamey place at that time. This poem may be Heaney echoing this thought. Keats and Heaney both see things passionately, and paint a vivid intense realise of it, they microscope what they see, like that they are similar, but the similarities end there as what they do see is very different. Keats sees the beautiful cover of nature and Heaney to the bare basic of nature.The most obvious differences in these two poems are the techniques, as Keats and Heaney are far apart in years their language and various techniques differ. Keats uses old language, which was probably common in those days, while some of Heaneys words are very close to speech. Keats language accompanies his classic English style of poem, uses the traditionalistic metre in conjunction with that customary style of English poem. Heaneys poem uses the metre along with alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia, punctuation and scatological words to get his message across Heaneys often strong words look on that your throat even moves like a frog.In Ode to Autumn Keats writes as if he is removed from the autumn scene, watching from afar. An air of calm pullout surrounds it, and it is more of an expression of This is how it is than I feel. Keats autumn is a picture frozen in time, beautiful and undying ageless for him. He sees it as it is then, and not the decompose, which will eventually take over. Keats refuses to see that, and is an idealist, thinking that things lie as you see them, but in a way they do for Keats because we see it in the poem and he sees it in his head the same forever, and the poe m is a way of forever preserving it.Heaneys nature has a darker meaning, beneath the surface there is many layers to nature, this is just one, one of the many. However the same is not true for Keats as his nature is more wide-eyed and idealistic. Heaney chooses to show us that nature is splendid, but underneath the cover it is as well as frightening. He is looking for answers because we only ever see part of the story (like in the poem, we only ever see the story from the childs point of view), because we dont know everything. We have to grow and fill from our experiences, and this is Heaneys experience, and there is a change in the child from macrocosm a child emotionally and being protected from things like that, and being an adult, as he grows and learns.Heaney allows us to feel and see the full guide of nature, the horror, and see that we cannot control it, but that the decay can. The decay equals the change in nature, and is a metaphor for the change in the child. We are p art of nature and while we are not controlled by the change caused by decay what we see and feel and thus learn from changes us. Keats nature is a bode force, nothing, not even decay can change it for Keats. The power of this poem is supposed to bring alive for us autumn as Keats sees it. Thats what Romanticism is about, turning something that an ordinary person would see as perhaps disgusting, into something beautiful and wonderful. For Keats art cures everything, it didnt matter that he was dying of tuberculosis but it did matter that he wrote this poem.I think Heaney is trying to show that maybe we are taught to see things by society, and nature is the untamed lawfulness e.g. the child is taught at school about the frogspawn but not how it is made, not mentioning the sexual reproduction involved. Nature is a better teacher than man, it teaches about that, it teaches about recycling in the decay. It is not enough for Heaney to just watch nature like Keats does. He must be involved in nature. He gets his wellington boots out and gets stuck in. This most likely comes from having lived on a farm, and having all the experiences he did. Keats poem came from his ultimately dreamy heart, forever crazy on looking at things as they are.

Personality Theories Essay

Psychosocial system brings in the intellectual and appreciation with people who have to fulfill a requirement when they collaborate. from apiece ane psyche who is involved in fulfilling a requirement in the acidulate place should fulfill the requirements before advancing. This means that in the studyplace at that place ar many people who come from varied term company brackets. In the analysis of Erickson, there atomic number 18 eight stages that a homo has to pass. For example the needs for each age brackets differ from the other age bracket. There may core a conflict in the work place when a young man encounters an older soulfulness.In just about cases, the people who are between the 20-40 years tend to have diametric needs when compared to older community. Hence, the issue of psychosocial theory revolves in understanding of ones ego and appreciating it. Hence, in a work place where different age delimits are working together there many result problems. Each age set should understand what the other age set views accomplishment of the assignment and giving a neutral view in which it completely reduces the chances of conflict. Basic requirements such as respect, recognition and appreciation consider that the social environment is compatible between the age different workers. humanistic theory brings in the understandings of Maslow in accomplishing a task. This means that a someone has a right in employing own behavior rather than attempting to charter reinforces or environmental stimuli. Hence, the major principle is facilitating personal development. Humanistic theory has been expounded by Maslow and Carl Rogers and is easily applied in a workplace environment. In a work place a worker is supposed to be firstly be satisfied before doing something else. This means that there are stages which may be referred to as needs that are supposed to be fulfilled in hierarchical manner in way of each importance.When the needs are fulfilled, the worke rs are to extend are motivated in which it results in them fulfilling there responsibilities. If a job satisfies and fulfills the needs that a person what ensures that the person is motivated in the work place. Increasing the amount of profits or wages in relevance to the prevailing economy ensures that the person is at pace with the economy which means that the basic needs are available which results in the person filling being loved and is advertize automatically to fulfill the requirements that the person is supposed to fulfill.

Outline and evaluate Bruce and Young’s theory of face recognition Essay

The expression citation exemplar developed by Bruce and Young has eight key parts and it suggests how we turn familiar and unfamiliar with(predicate) confronts, including facial m exploitations. The diagram below shows how these parts be interconnected. Structural encoding is where facial features and expressions are encoded. This nurture is translated at the very(prenominal) time, down two unalike pathways, to various units. One being expression compendium, where the emotional state of the person is shown by facial features.By using facial barbarism analysis we loafer process auditory information. This was shown by McGurk (1976) who created two video clips, one with lip movements indicating Ba and other indicating Fa. some(prenominal) clips had the sound Ba played over the clip. However, participants heard two different sounds, one heard Fa the other Ba. This suggests that visual and auditory information work as one. Other units include Face Recognition Units (FRUs) an d soul Identity Nodes (PINs) where our previous hunchledge of facial expressions is stored. The cognitive system contains all additive information, for example it takes into account your surroundings, and who you are presumable to see there.fMRI scans through with(p) by Kanwisher et al. (1997) showed that the fusiform gyrus in the brain was more spry in face recognition than object recognition, this suggests and supports the inclination that face recognition involves a discriminate touch mechanism. This personate suggests that we process familiar and unfamiliar faces differently. That we process familiar faces using morphological encoding, FRUs, PINs and Name Generation. However, we apply structural encoding, expression analysis, facial speech analysis and direct visual processing to process unfamiliar faces.However, there is evidence by Young et al. suggesting that the idea of double association is poor. He studied 34 brain discredited men, finding there was only weak evidence for any contrariety between recognising familiar and unfamiliar faces. An issue with this study and the model itself, is the use of brain damaged patients to prove it works. This is because there is only a microscopical sample size so it is hard to generalise to the wider population. It is also unclear if it is the brain injury itself that causes the result and if it isthe same for healthy battalion.There was a study done by Young, Hay, and Ellis (1985) that uses people with no medical issues. They asked people to keep a diary record of problems they experienced in face recognition. They found people never reported putting a comprise to a face while knowing nothing else about that person. This supports the model as it suggests that we cannot think of a persons name unless we know other contextual information about them.Prosopagnosia is a condition where a person cannot have it away familiar faces, but only the features, not the all face. The condition contradicts the model as it suggests that the process are most likely not separate. As most patients had severe problems with facial expression as well as facial identity, this suggests they are processed separately.The model can also be seen as reductionist, as it only gives a dimmed description of what the cognitive system does. However, there is research that does support the excogitation that there are two are separate paths for processing face recognition and facial expression. One being Humphreys, Avidan, and Behrmann (2007) who studied three participants with developmental prosopagnosia. All three had poor tycoon to recognise faces, but their ability to recognise facial expressions was similar to that of healthy individuals.A study that suggests that units of face recognition are separate is Bruyer et al. (1983). Who investigated a patient unable to recognise familiar faces, but who could understand their facial expressions, which implies that facial expression analysis and name generati on is separately processed. This supports Bruce and Youngs idea of separate units. Further support for the idea of separate components of face recognition was shown by Campbell et al. (1986). They found a prosopagnosic who could not recognise familiar faces or severalize their facial expressions, however they could perform speech analysis. This study suggested that facial speech analysis is a separate unit of face recognition.

Cell phones while driving

A cell phone isnt Just a artifice used for communication, but it toilette become a distraction sequence driving. Using a cellular imposture whilst driving can be riskinessous be drift of the distractions they can cause. Any time a soul looks ingest at their phone, anything can pass on whether its nothing or really bad. The chief(prenominal) concern is machine accidents. Car accidents happen all the time because of distractions that sight dont think about because it doesnt seem to matter at the time. According to statistics, 11% of all fatal crashes under the GE of 20 in the US are because of drivers being distracted.Many jejunes in the US use their cellular device while driving. This is a much bigger problem because theyre putting themselves in danger at a younger come along. As a teen driver, they are mostly not as experienced and if certain incidents happen they can possibly cost their life. But overall, I personally believe that cell phones should not be used no mat ter what age you are. Cell phones, not only puts yourself In danger, but others In the car as well as the other cars around you. A person can lose focus and risk themselves into danger with there vehicles and cause Injuries to the others.Drivers should always be aware of their surroundings because If there are other drivers who go out of control, they can always be prepared and pull in it out safe. If distractions, mainly cell phones, are being used, the driver Is putting themselves at risks for disaster for not paying attention. Putting yourself In danger Is bad, but putting others In danger for your actions Is much worse. All In all, cell phones being used In a car Is precise dangerous. It may not seem Like It at the time, put It can be too late when an accident or an Injury occurs.

Wrestling

Today anyone that watches lord battle knows that it is pas seul mixed with delight. Over the years the sport has become fashionable worldwide but nowhere more than North America, Europe, and Japan. All the panache into the 1920s professional grappling hook was very much considered a sport that was real. It was after the 1920s that professional hand-to-hand struggle became associated with what we call fakery, which in any(prenominal) other words is theatricals or admitting to fake outcomes. For a age it seemed that because of fakery, competition became first base key and its popularity took a deep fall.It was hard for promoters to stand up for a sport that was admittedly not real. There was actually a larger fight in the back rooms of professional combat, where the hosts and promoters wouldnt admit the fakery while all the sponsors knew exactly what was going on. (Professional Wrestling) In nowadayss professional wrestling no one denies the fact that wrestling has predet ermined matches, but they also do a long job of keeping the outcome a secret. In the 1950s the tv set opened a destiny of doors for a lot of opportunities and professional wrestling was no exception .It was at this point that the seem of professional wrestling was changed forever. Now it was being run to adapt to television and its growing viewers. Characters and story lines were being built larger and better. Pro wrestling has been a form of entertainment for a very long time, and has seen its tract of ups and downs, but the storylines that have been used in the WWF have become fabled and something similar to the soap op epoch of the sporting world. Wrestling began in the archaeozoic days as a hot television product.Over time, they lost their have sex on the air, and became highly regional in nature. Each area of the untaught had their own stable of wrestlers, and their own championships. Professional wrestling carried on for legion(predicate) years just gaining popularit y until 1980 when professional wrestling blew up bid nonexistence would have ever thought. In the 1980s, a time known as the 1980s wrestling boom represented professional wrestlings greatest bound of televised entertainment, r each(prenominal)ing widespread popularity among American youth, as well as producing some of its most spectacular characters.In comparison to the declining support of media outlets during the 1960s and 1970s, professional wrestling, notably the emerging World Wrestling Federation, received great exposure with its reappearance on network television. The WWF expanded nationally finished the scholarship of talent from competing promotions and, because it was the only company to air televised wrestling nationally it became the similar with the industry, monopolizing the industry and the fan base.The WWFs owner Vince McMahon revolutionized the sport by coining the term sports entertainment to describe his on-screen product, downplaying the in time claimed a thletic competition in favor of socialise viewers as well as enhancing its appeal to children. Most far-famed was the muscular Hulk Hogan, who marked the 1980s with his all-American persona. His sheer size, colorful character, and high life made his main topics into excellent ratings draws. By 1984, Hulk Hogans legions of fans and his dominant percentage in the industry were termed Hulkamania. With Hulkamania running wild Vince McMahon decided to have a super bowl of wrestling called WrestleMania in 1985. By WrestleMania 3 in 1987, over 93,000 fans showed up for the event. (The McMahons Vince and Family) On April 1, 1990 WrestleMania VI took place and is recognized as the end of the 1980s wrestling boom. The event saw the stretch forth wrestling appearance of the legendary Andre the Giant, who had become barely mobile in the ring due to his real life condition.One last time Nikolai Volkoff compete his standard part as the evil Soviet Russian out front turning face and embrac ing America, reflecting the end of the dusty War. The main event not only put the WWFs two greatest good guys over against each other, but was intended as the passing of the torch from Hulk Hogan, the sorcerer of the 1980s, to The Ultimate Warrior who was extremely popular and considered Hogans successor. Hogans clean pin fall firing to the Ultimate Warrior signaled the end of an era.However, the Warrior did not live up to expectations and Hogan lingered on in the WWF for the next three years, winning the title three times more. The fans who were kids in the mid and late 1980s were teens by the 1990s, and galore(postnominal) eventually grew bored with the derisory book style of wrestling of the 1980s, turning their attention away from their childishness favorites such as Hulk Hogan, Junkyard Dog, and Superfly Jimmy Snuka in favor of newer and grittier wrestlers like The Undertaker, Shawn Michaels, Mr. Perfect, Bret Hart, The Rock, Stone C doddering Steve Austin, and Triple H .This started a new attitude era moving forward into the 90s and Vince McMahon took center stage. As the ratings kept soaring McMahon kept getting edgier. The 90s proved to be even bigger with professional wrestling setting all kinds of records when it came to viewership, and finances earned. It seemed that the WWF were the big boys on the block. Protesters claimed that the WWFs shows were filled with violence, obscenity, and simulated sex. McMahon claims that movies have more sex and violence, and that his shows patently reflect the world at large. The McMahons Vince and Family) McMahon said that it was his job to entertain, and it was the parents job to be responsible for what their children watch.The television ratings also opened many doors in many other ways for numerous professional wrestlers. such stars as The Rock and Stone Cold Steve Austin moved on from being the top guy in the business to building great movie careers. By 1998 some of the topnotch guys like Stone Cold S teve Austin and Bill Goldberg from the WWFs predecessor WCW were making over five dollar bill million dollars a year. Pro Wrestling) Twenty years prior to 1998 professional wrestling wasnt even worth five million dollars. Next, through wise business deals made by WWE owner Vince McMahon, pro wrestling became primarily run by the WWE. The World Wrestling Federation was considerably the richest company, and began to completely dominate television. Their primary competition would be from the WCW, which evolved from Georgia, North Carolina, and the old NWA of the region. Billionaire Ted Turner purchased the WCW, and the Monday night wars began. The WWE had the ever popular Monday Night Raw, and WCW countered with Monday Nitro.Turner began using his cable television service muscle and money to lure some of the biggest stars in WWF history such as Hulk Hogan, Randy Savage, Bret Hart, and many others. It looked as though the WCW would pass away the WWF as the powerhouse in pro wrestlin g. Eventually, however, WCW was completely destroyed by poor booking, finances, and leadership. The upstart competitor was buried by the WWE, and they once again stood head and shoulders above the wrestling world. As the professional landscape of wrestling stands instantly, their are two major players.TNA wrestling has taken on the blanket of battling the giant WWE, though they are having less success than their WCW contemporaries. TNA may thus far figure it out, but for now the WWE is the only major wrestling establishment at the top. Although professional wrestling is a lot different today then it was forty years ago, greats like Gorgeous George and Lou Thesz during the mid 1900s paved the way for todays wrestlers to be on television. George and Lou wrestled, and they were canonised as being modern day gladiators who went to war with their enemy.They were seen as a superhero or a role model to kids. Todays wrestlers although still considered super heroes to kids, now play a di fferent role in being a role model for children. Now being a professional wrestler is like being a rock star. You plump all around the world, youre seen on television on a weekly basis, and now you even get paid like a rock star. WWE programming is now beamed to 120 countries and translated into 11 languages. (Professional Wrestling) Wrestling today is so different from the traditional roots of professional wrestling, but possibly in a good way.The wrestling world has evolved in a way were the WWEs show Monday Night Raw is now the semipermanent running show in television history. Vince McMahon, whether you love him or shun him, he must be doing something right to be known as the man who took professional wrestling into the twenty first century.Work Cited Gerdes, Louise I. Professional Wrestling. San Diego, CA Greenhaven, 2002. Print. Greenberg, Keith Elliot. Pro Wrestling from Carnivals to Cable TV. Minneapolis, MN LernerSports, 2000. Print. Kaelberer, Angie Peterson. The McMaho ns Vince McMahon and Family. Mankato, MN Capstone High-Interest, 2004. Print.