Financial Contingency Planning: Sources of Funding Essay

atomic number 20 has the largest prison manse population in the join States and some countries around the world. For over 40 years, the incarceration levels pull in risen. The prison rates take risen 700 percent since 1970, today it is estimated that one in 100 adults are incarcerated. Who expects the bill for this large increase, tax payers have and provide continue until the subdivision of Justice and government have a immobile plan to land the overwhelming criminal justice deficient. The taxpayers are non only paying to signaling the prisoners but to feed them and all their medical checkup needs. One plan that was pass by the dictatorial Court was to conquer the prison population, they gave atomic number 20 ii years to do this (Henrichson, 2012). Revenue is comfortably-favoured for utter prisons most landed estates rely on taxpayers to foot the bill. Around the middle 1980s is when prisons were financed by the pay as you go method and bonds thither were $9 .6 billion in construction costs. In the late 1990s the expenditures were up to $22 billion dollars, this was over half the debt it cost to finance prisons. The worldwide obligation bond was another way to pay for prisons, but this was financed by tax grosss and ass by government credit. Getting prisons built pressured the governor at the time, Mario Cuomo, he tried to hire the Urban Development sight (UDC), and this fund was for oversight for low-income housing. This was shot work through at the state sovereign court.The lease revenue bonds became a way to pay for prisons. An entity or confidence was created to build the prisons, they this elbow room would lease it to the government. In turn the taxpayers would pay back the loan, it was done this way because it did not require the government to ask the voters ( universe Bonds, deuce hundred4). The Department of Justice (DOJ), just like most organizations has a happening plan. The Antideficiency Act regulates what can and will not be paid for if the eventuality plan is put into action. There are certain programs that will endlessly keep going they are Diversion Control, Health Care imposter and abuse control, debt collection, asset forfeiture fund, and federal prison industries. According to joined States Department Of Justice (2013), Also, the authority of prisons (BOP) Buildings and Facilities and Commissary accounts have multi-year authority and have decent carryover funding to tinge expenses during a lapse in appropriations. In the event, the atomic number 20 prison system would need to activate their contingency plan the Bureau of Prison Buildings and Facilities and the Prison Industries and Commissary funds would carry over to meet whatsoever expenses. The employees, including medical staff are except from any finical constraints. (U.S. Department of Justice Contingency Plan).Public prisons became a drain on the radiation diagram since the mid 1990s, and only getting worse. With the c ost of dungeon going up so does the cost of medical and psychiatric car. Also, another big stressor is the overcrowding in public prisons, with much inmates there is a need for more officers on duty, this results in more overtimes and hiring more officers. A way to lessen this payload is privatized prisons. There are several investors in the public stock market. Privatized prisons have investors that fund them. Miller (2012), Private prisons can be defined in one of the following manners a transfer of public facilities to a surreptitious organization a contract to design and operate recent prisons and a contract to provide other services to public prisons much(prenominal) as transportation, medical care, food, and maintenance (The Drain of Public Prison Systems and the office of Privatization An Analysis of State Correctional Systems). Private prisons do not have ties to the government, they are funded privately, however, and they may enter into a contract with the governmen t. These contracts could be to house inmates and the government patrons regulate private prisons. The public prisons use the private prisons to house many of the overcrowded prisons and the government has the power to place limitations and regulations on the organizations.AB 109 is a bill passed by the U.S. Supreme Court that ordered California to entrap the overcrowding. This required California to reduce the prison population to 137.5 percent capacity. When the U.S. Supreme Court ordered California in whitethorn to fix its overcrowded prison problem, citing constitutional protections against cruel and unusual punishment, the courtrejected Californias bid for more time and upheld a two-year deadline to drastically trim down inmate population in its 33 prisons to 137.5% of capacity by May 2013. To get there, there are several major steps, including a step-down of 10,000 inmates by November 28 to reach 167% of capacity. One idea California has is to use more community base progra ms for those non-violent prisoners who are released early.Some of the programs include transitional housing, jobs, and medical and mental health services. A poll was taken to guarantee how the community felt about the early release of non-violent, non-sex, and non-serious offenders back into the community, they were in favor of them being released and managed within the community (Krisberg, 2011). The new parolees are administer by the Post-Release Community Supervision program, about 104,00 are already living within the community. These changes would slowly take place. There are electric currently 65,000 current prisoners that fall under(a) the AB 109 bill. These number will change as new people go to prisons and others are patrolled. A concern of the counties is funding, with the influx of offenders they worry how the communities will afford the large amount of people (Krisberg, 2011).Prison bonds are a fixed income security called lease revenue bonds (LRBs). These bonds are u sed to finance prisons. There are different types of bonds, traditional revenue bonds and lease revenue bonds. Traditional revenue bonds help repay the debt, the down side to these bonds is prisons do not generate revenue. The state treasury had to figure out how to create them, their solution was to have a private agency build the prison and then leases it to the state. The state takes money from one entity to pay another, a lot of the time it is taken from the general fund. These bonds are overly tax except. The downfall to these bonds is the state can raise taxes to repay these obligations (Anderson, 2014).California has the largest prison population in the United States. Some of the questions asked about cut back the population are will this alter rates of incarceration, probation, supervision, and community programs. The state was giving a grant totaling $650.000 dollars from the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the throng Irvine Foundation, and the Public Welfare Foundat ion this grant funded the Stanford Criminal Justice pertain (SCJC) toconduct the question. The SCJC was asked to effectively help California undertake and assess the realignment. This research this grant will provide will not only help California, but other states to reduce their prison population as well (Stanford University, 2013). There is another program called Fund for passive resistance. This program is having several grants under the justice with dignity program. The total grants for 2013 were $372,500 and had 13 different grants that were awarded. Most of them were order toward inmates who released back into the community these grants were to help them to start over (Fund For Nonviolence, n.d.).It is predicted that in the two years over 3,700 more beds will be added to prisons. The state of California faces being held in contempt if they fail to meet their deadline of overcrowding. This brings up more costs for the state to have to fight this subject area in court. Three judges orders 34 prisons to be downsized. The state faces two class-action constabularysuits because the overcrowding has led to deaths. A report released by the corrections segment shows there is a $500 one thousand million dollar expansion tramp that would allow for two more prisons to be built, that means more officers, more health care staff, and more beds, just to 26,000. California passed the third strikes natural law and there has been a 36% increase in admissions. The three strikes law increased the prison population by 34,000. This is a record amply for California (Governing The States And Localities, 2014).One answer California has to help kickoff the budget constrains is legalizing marijuana. The idea would be to use the excise tax, which could yield $770-900 million per year and the sales tax, another $240-360 million a year to reduce the states swelling budget. If the state was to let marijuana this would save over $200 million prosecution, arrest, trial, and p rison time (Gieringer, 2009). The state of California is faced with a big challenge, how to reduce prison size and keep the re-entry rate low. The three strikes law has not helped with lowering the numbers. The Supreme Court passed AB 109, which told California they had two years to lower the prison population.California is faced with two on ongoing law suits that claim wrongful death suits. The state government has gone over how to reduce the budget and be adequate to find revenue to make the deficit lower. One thought was to legalize marijuana this would not only bring a largerevenue but also save on costs from arrest, court, and jail time. some other approach was to build two more prisons to increase the population by 34,000. Also, the state could use more private prisons, they are funded by private entities but are still backed by the state. The prediction is the prison population will steadily increase, there for the need for more beds and more staff is apparent.ReferencesAnd erson, A. (2014). Forbes. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/2008/10/22/prison-correctional-bonds-pf-ii-in_aa_1022fixedincome_inl.htmlEaton, K. (2002-2011). BI. Retrieved from http//blog.bi.com/industry-news/ab-109-what-is-it-and-what-does-it-mean-to-california-countiesFund for Nonviolence. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.fundfornonviolence.org/index.htmlGieringer, D. (2009). California NORML. Retrieved from http//www.canorml.org/background/ca_legalization2.html government The States and Localities. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.governing.com/news/headlines/california-prisonovercrowding-its-going-to-get-worse.htmlHenrichson, C. (2012). VERA Institution of Justice. Retrieved from http//www.vera.org/sites/default/files/resources/downloads/Price_of_Prisons_updated_version_072512.pdfKrisberg, B. (2011). Berkeley Law University of California. Retrieved from http//www.law.berkeley.edu/files/REALIGNMENT_FINAL9.28.11.pdf Miller, D. (2012). Pro Quest A discovery guide. Retrieved from ht tp//www.csa.com/discoveryguides/prisons/review.pdf